Operators Reference

This page documents all comparison operators available in the audience filter builder. Each operator is listed with its supported data types, behavior, and examples.

Operator Summary

Operator	String	Number	Boolean	Date / Timestamp	Description
Equals	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Exact match
Not Equals	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Inverse of equals
Contains	Yes	—	—	—	Substring match
Not Contains	Yes	—	—	—	Inverse of contains
Starts With	Yes	—	—	—	Prefix match
Not Starts With	Yes	—	—	—	Inverse of starts with
Ends With	Yes	—	—	—	Suffix match
Not Ends With	Yes	—	—	—	Inverse of ends with
Greater Than	—	Yes	—	Yes	Strict greater than
Greater Than or Equal	—	Yes	—	Yes	Greater than or equal
Less Than	—	Yes	—	Yes	Strict less than
Less Than or Equal	—	Yes	—	Yes	Less than or equal
Between	—	Yes	—	Yes	Inclusive range
Not Between	—	Yes	—	Yes	Outside inclusive range
In	Yes	Yes	—	—	Match any value in a list
Not In	Yes	Yes	—	—	Match no value in a list
Is Null	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Value is null
Is Not Null	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Value is not null
Is True	—	—	Yes	—	Boolean is true
Is False	—	—	Yes	—	Boolean is false

String Operators

Equals

Exact match comparison. Case-sensitive by default.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`country`	Equals	`"US"`	Entities where `country` is exactly `"US"`

SQL: country = 'US'

Not Equals

Inverse of equals. Matches entities where the field does not have the specified value.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`status`	Not Equals	`"churned"`	Entities where `status` is anything except `"churned"`

SQL: status != 'churned'

Not Equals does not match null values. If status is null, the entity will not be included. To include nulls, combine with an OR Is Null condition.

Contains

Substring match. Returns entities where the field value contains the specified text anywhere within it.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`email`	Contains	`"@company.com"`	All emails containing `"@company.com"`

SQL: email LIKE '%@company.com%'

Not Contains

Inverse of contains. Matches entities where the field value does not contain the specified text.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`email`	Not Contains	`"test"`	All emails that do not contain `"test"`

SQL: email NOT LIKE '%test%'

Starts With

Prefix match. Returns entities where the field value begins with the specified text.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`phone`	Starts With	`"+1"`	All phone numbers starting with `"+1"`

SQL: phone LIKE '+1%'

Not Starts With

Inverse of starts with. Matches entities where the field value does not begin with the specified text.

Ends With

Suffix match. Returns entities where the field value ends with the specified text.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`email`	Ends With	`"@gmail.com"`	All Gmail addresses

SQL: email LIKE '%@gmail.com'

Not Ends With

Inverse of ends with. Matches entities where the field value does not end with the specified text.

Numeric Operators

Equals / Not Equals

Exact numeric match. Same semantics as string equals/not equals.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`order_count`	Equals	`0`	Entities with exactly zero orders

Greater Than

Strict greater than comparison.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`lifetime_value`	Greater Than	`1000`	Entities with lifetime value above 1000

SQL: lifetime_value > 1000

Greater Than or Equal

Greater than or equal comparison.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`order_count`	Greater Than or Equal	`5`	Entities with 5 or more orders

SQL: order_count >= 5

Less Than

Strict less than comparison.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`days_since_last_purchase`	Less Than	`30`	Entities who purchased within the last 30 days

SQL: days_since_last_purchase < 30

Less Than or Equal

Less than or equal comparison.

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`avg_session_minutes`	Less Than or Equal	`2`	Entities with average session 2 minutes or less

SQL: avg_session_minutes <= 2

Between

Inclusive range comparison. Matches entities where the field value is between the lower and upper bounds (inclusive of both bounds).

Field	Operator	Lower	Upper	Matches
`lifetime_value`	Between	`100`	`500`	Entities with lifetime value from 100 to 500

SQL: lifetime_value BETWEEN 100 AND 500

Not Between

Inverse of between. Matches entities where the field value is outside the specified range.

Field	Operator	Lower	Upper	Matches
`age`	Not Between	`18`	`65`	Entities younger than 18 or older than 65

SQL: age NOT BETWEEN 18 AND 65

Boolean Operators

Is True

Matches entities where the boolean field is true.

Field	Operator	Matches
`is_enterprise`	Is True	All enterprise entities

SQL: is_enterprise = TRUE

Is False

Matches entities where the boolean field is false.

Field	Operator	Matches
`has_opted_out`	Is False	All entities that have not opted out

SQL: has_opted_out = FALSE

Equals / Not Equals

Boolean fields also support equals and not equals with explicit true or false values. Functionally equivalent to Is True / Is False.

Date and Timestamp Operators

Date and timestamp fields support the same comparison operators as numeric fields (equals, not equals, greater than, less than, between), plus relative date values.

Absolute Dates

Enter a specific date or timestamp value:

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`created_at`	Greater Than	`2025-01-01`	Entities created after January 1, 2025

Relative Dates

The filter builder supports relative date expressions that are computed at evaluation time:

Expression	Description
`today`	Current date
`N days ago`	N days before today
`N weeks ago`	N weeks before today
`N months ago`	N months before today
`N years ago`	N years before today

Example:

Field	Operator	Value	Matches
`last_purchase_date`	Greater Than	`30 days ago`	Entities who purchased within the last 30 days
`created_at`	Between	`1 year ago` / `today`	Entities created in the last year

Relative dates are re-computed on each audience evaluation, so the audience membership stays current as time passes.

List Operators

In

Matches entities where the field value is any one of the specified values. Enter values as a comma-separated list.

Field	Operator	Values	Matches
`plan_type`	In	`"free", "trial"`	Entities on free or trial plans
`country`	In	`"US", "UK", "CA", "AU"`	Entities in English-speaking countries

SQL: plan_type IN ('free', 'trial')

Not In

Inverse of In. Matches entities where the field value is not any of the specified values.

Field	Operator	Values	Matches
`status`	Not In	`"deleted", "banned"`	All active entities

SQL: status NOT IN ('deleted', 'banned')

Null Operators

Is Null

Matches entities where the field value is null (not set).

Field	Operator	Matches
`phone`	Is Null	Entities with no phone number

SQL: phone IS NULL

Is Not Null

Matches entities where the field value is not null (has a value).

Field	Operator	Matches
`email`	Is Not Null	Entities with an email address

SQL: email IS NOT NULL

⚠️

Null handling is important in audience definitions. Most comparison operators (equals, greater than, contains, etc.) return false when the field value is null. If you want to explicitly include or exclude null values, use the Is Null / Is Not Null operators.

Operator Behavior by Data Type

This matrix summarizes which operators are available for each data type:

Operator	String	Number	Boolean	Date	Timestamp
Equals	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Not Equals	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Contains	Yes	—	—	—	—
Not Contains	Yes	—	—	—	—
Starts With	Yes	—	—	—	—
Not Starts With	Yes	—	—	—	—
Ends With	Yes	—	—	—	—
Not Ends With	Yes	—	—	—	—
Greater Than	—	Yes	—	Yes	Yes
Greater Than or Equal	—	Yes	—	Yes	Yes
Less Than	—	Yes	—	Yes	Yes
Less Than or Equal	—	Yes	—	Yes	Yes
Between	—	Yes	—	Yes	Yes
Not Between	—	Yes	—	Yes	Yes
In	Yes	Yes	—	—	—
Not In	Yes	Yes	—	—	—
Is Null	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Is Not Null	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Is True	—	—	Yes	—	—
Is False	—	—	Yes	—	—

Next Steps

Filter Builder — How to use operators in the visual builder
Creating an Audience — End-to-end audience creation guide

Filter Builder Size Estimation